Women may experience indecision about which department to make an appointment in the face of many complaints they notice in themselves.

The broad field of gynecology can help women with many issues related to the female reproductive system.

According to this, if women;

If menstrual bleeding is much lower or higher than normal
If there is a lot of pain during menstruation
If there is vaginal discharge
If there is pain and tenderness in the vagina
If there is pain, wound, swelling in the external genital organs
If he thinks he has a sexually transmitted disease, he should definitely consult a gynecologist.

Menstrual irregularity can be described as the general name given to disruptions in the normal menstrual cycle in women. In women, periods that occur in a period of time shorter than 21 days and longer than 35 days are considered to be regular. If there are intermittent bleeding and excessive bleeding outside of this pattern, this is considered menstrual irregularity. Also, abnormal cessation of menstruation is not considered normal.

When menstrual bleeding is more or less than normal, or even absent, a specialist should be consulted.

Menstrual irregularity can be the result of simple metabolic changes in routine life, or it can be a symptom of a serious illness. Therefore, the cause of the irregularity should be carefully investigated with an obstetrician and gynecologist.

Smoking and alcohol consumption, obesity and stress are among the risk factors for menstrual irregularity. In addition, extreme physical activity is also known to be associated with menstrual irregularities.

The Smear Test, also technically called a “Pap Test”, is a test for women to test for cervical cancer and offers a great opportunity for early detection of cervical cancer and the possibility of treatment.

The smear test, which is quite simple and painless, should not only be done during menstruation. The best time for this is 10-15 days after menstruation. It is useful to repeat the smear test once every 3 years for women between the ages of 21 and 65. If the smear test is combined with the HPV test, it is useful for women aged 30 and over to do it every 5 years.

This disease, known as “Endometriosis” in the medical literature and chocolate cyst among the people, develops as a result of the growth of the endometrium layer, which is normally found only in the uterus, in any area outside the uterus. Endometriosis has two main symptoms.

These are abdominal and groin pains and the risk of infertility. Chocolate cysts, which occur in an average of 5% to 8% of women of productive age, can lead to infertility because they disrupt ovulation function and cause adhesions in the tubes. While it is possible to overcome this problem with diet and medication, laparoscopy is also used in advanced cases.

Polycystic ovary syndrome is a hormonal disorder common in women of childbearing age. Polycystic ovary syndrome, the cause of which is still unclear even in today’s technology, is usually determined by hereditary predisposition. Different individuals may have different symptoms in this syndrome.

Patients with this syndrome often experience menstrual irregularities, missed periods, excessive weight gain, excessive hair growth and excessive acne. The syndrome can also cause problems such as the inability to have children.

For patients who show excessive weight gain, a diet program is prescribed and they are advised to lose weight. Afterwards, most of the patients who have dropped to their normal weight – if they do not have serious sperm problems and the tubes are open – can conceive naturally with normal ovulation.

In ectopic pregnancy (Ectopic pregnancy), which can have dangerous consequences for the mother’s health, the embryo usually settles in the fallopian tubes and rarely in different areas such as the cervix or intra-abdominal cavity. If we talk about the treatment part of the job; early diagnosis is critical here. When the problem is detected before the tube ruptures, that is, before the patient reaches the stage of blood loss, the chance of laparoscopic treatment is quite high.

There are many contraceptive methods available today. These methods, which are completely personalized, are divided into different groups according to their protection success rates and the risks they pose.

1. Hormonal methods
Birth control pills
Monthly injections
3 monthly injections
The morning-after pill
Implants (subcutaneous application)
2. Intrauterine devices (spiral)
Intrauterine hormonal spiral
Intrauterine device (normal spiral)
3. Barrier methods
Condom
Diaphragm
Spermicides

4. Natural methods
Withdrawal
Calendar method

5. Surgical methods
Tubal sterilization (female)
Vasectomy (male)

In fact, there is no “safest” method of contraception. At this point, the healthiest method is completely subjective, that is, it can vary from person to person.

Depending on the patient’s general health condition, age, menstrual cycle, amount of bleeding and frequency of sexual intercourse, this method can be determined under the supervision of a gynecologist and obstetrician.

HPV (Human Papillomavirus), one of the most common and sexually transmitted viruses, is the name given to a group of similar viruses. While some types of HPV, of which there are more than 100 types, cause warts, others cause cervical cancer.

HPV has been found in 99% of cervical cancer cases. Since HPV can also cause other cancers, vaccination is strongly recommended. The HPV vaccine is given in two or three doses depending on age and provides protection against HPV infections.

With the HPV vaccine, the virus is introduced into the body and as a result, an immune response is created in the body, stimulating the body’s defense system against possible infections. For women and men between 15 and 45 years of age, HPV vaccination is of great importance for public health.