Under normal circumstances, for a pregnancy to occur, the fertilized egg must attach to the tissue inside the uterus. However, in the case of an ectopic pregnancy, the fertilized egg attaches and begins to develop outside the uterus, usually in the fallopian tubes.

This type of pregnancy is considered abnormal and must be terminated, as it can cause life-threatening bleeding. Therefore, if a woman is experiencing an ectopic pregnancy, it must be diagnosed early and treated quickly to avoid affecting future fertility.

At this point, ectopic pregnancy surgery comes into play. The surgical procedure to terminate the ectopic pregnancy should be performed entirely by specialist doctors, and the patient must follow certain recommendations after the operation.

What causes an ectopic pregnancy?

• Genetic anomalies
• Congenital anomalies
• Infections affecting the shape and position of the fallopian tubes
• Deformation of the fallopian tubes during surgical operations
• Hormonal imbalances
• Previous ectopic pregnancy
• History of pelvic inflammatory disease
• Chocolate cyst (endometriosis)
• Pregnancy despite tubal ligation

What are the symptoms of an ectopic pregnancy?

Symptoms of ectopic pregnancy are similar to those of a normal pregnancy. Nausea and breast tenderness may occur. These symptoms can be accompanied by dizziness and sensitivity to smell. Additionally, there may be more intense pain on one side of the abdomen and vaginal bleeding. What distinguishes an ectopic pregnancy are the severity of pain and bleeding.

How is an ectopic pregnancy diagnosed?

To diagnose an ectopic pregnancy, a pelvic examination should first be performed. This exam aims to detect pain, tenderness, or mass in the fallopian tubes or ovaries. However, the most accurate diagnosis is made using blood tests and ultrasound. A beta HCG blood test is used to confirm pregnancy. If ectopic pregnancy is suspected, the beta HCG test is repeated at intervals. The exact location of the pregnancy can be determined with transvaginal ultrasound.

How is ectopic pregnancy surgery performed?

Ectopic pregnancy surgery can be performed either laparoscopically (minimally invasive) or through open surgery. The most preferred method is laparoscopy under general anesthesia. This method, also known as closed surgery, is used before the embryo grows and causes internal bleeding.

The procedure involves making a small incision in the abdomen and inserting a camera and surgical instruments into the abdominal cavity.

If laparoscopic surgery is not possible or if the procedure carries high risk, open surgery is preferred. Open surgery is usually performed when the fallopian tube has ruptured, there is significant internal bleeding, or the patient's general condition is poor.

What should be considered after the surgery?

• Avoid showering for the first two days after surgery to prevent infection.
• Patients can return to normal life 3 to 4 days after the surgery.
• Ectopic pregnancy surgery is a form of pregnancy termination, so spotting due to hormonal withdrawal may occur after the operation.
• The timeline for resuming sexual activity depends on the individual’s pain threshold, but a one-month break is generally recommended until full recovery.
• Menstruation typically resumes about one month after the surgery.
• It is possible to become pregnant again approximately three months after the surgery.

Wishing you good health.