Infertility, also known as infertility, refers to the failure to achieve pregnancy despite regular unprotected sexual intercourse between couples. There are two types of infertility. These are:

• Primary infertility:  It is the inability to conceive despite unprotected sexual intercourse for at least one year.
• Secondary infertility:  It refers to the inability to conceive currently despite previous pregnancies.

What Are the Diagnostic Methods for Female Infertility?

Women under 35 years of age should wait one year to conceive. For women over 35, waiting for 6 months is sufficient. If the couple does not conceive within this period, an examination process is planned. Diagnostic methods include:

• Ovulation test:  A hormone analysis test that determines the status of ovulation.
• Hysterosalpingography:  It refers to the imaging of the uterus with contrast dye to analyze whether there is blockage or other obstructive causes in the uterus and tubes.
• Ovarian Reserve Test:  Hormonal tests indicating the development of sufficient quality eggs in the ovaries.
• Other hormone tests:  Pituitary hormones, thyroid hormones, androgenic hormones.
• Pelvic ultrasonography and SF Infusion sonogram:  Imaging tests to determine infertility status.
• Hysteroscopy:  It refers to the examination of the uterine cavity and cervix with a lighted endoscopic system.
• Laparoscopy:  Minimally invasive surgical techniques for evaluation of uterus, ovaries, and tubes, and detection of endometriosis or other adhesions causing blockage.

What Are the Diagnostic Methods for Male Infertility?

• Semen analysis:  After 3–4 days of sexual abstinence, semen analysis is performed. This test analyzes sperm quality, count, and motility.
• Hormone test:  Testosterone and other male hormones are investigated.
• Genetic test
• Testicular biopsy
• Imaging methods:  Transrectal or scrotal ultrasound, vasography.
• Other Special Tests:  DNA abnormalities in semen fluid are investigated.

What Are the Treatment Methods for Female Infertility?

Infertility problems in women can be corrected with different treatment methods. However, some women may require more complex treatments.

• Stimulation of ovulation:  Some infertility medications can promote egg development and release. For this, the ovaries are stimulated.
• Intrauterine insemination:  Known as artificial insemination, this method involves placing healthy sperm cells inside the uterus after the release of the mature egg (ovulation) to achieve fertilization.
• Fertilization surgery:  Surgical removal of endometrial polyps, uterine septum, intrauterine adhesions, and some fibroids.

What Are the Treatment Methods for Male Infertility?

Treatment methods for male infertility are specifically determined according to each patient's health condition. Generally,

• Lifestyle changes:  Treatment for smoking, alcohol, and substance addiction, frequent and timed sexual intercourse habits.
• Medication:  Medical treatment to improve testicular function, sperm production, and quality.
• Surgical approach:  Identification and treatment of problems blocking sperm passage.
• Sperm retrieval:  Eliminating the disadvantage of insufficient sperm count.

Assisted Reproductive Technologies

The most preferred treatment method for infertility problems is in vitro fertilization (IVF). Also known as IVF, it is one of the treatments with the highest success rate. The process is completed by fertilizing multiple mature egg cells obtained from the woman with sperm in a laboratory environment and then transferring the resulting embryo to the uterus.